Impact of michaung cyclone effect on different crops in N.T.R district of South Coastal Andhra Pradesh

Agriculture is the main economic part for Indian farmers and majorly contribute 25-30% of economic benefit and returns to Govt of India. Agriculture is a back bone part for 75% farmers for this agriculture primarily needed timely weather and climate and it plays crucial role in agriculture if the onset monsoon enters delay the crop growing period goes back and crop growing area may record less if the cyclones will form in the untimely the crops may get more damage and economically losses may appear 50-75% the farmer may not benefitted. In the year of 2023 December 4th-6th a severe cyclonic storm Michuang cyclone were formed in North Indian ocean. Michaung originated as a low pressure area in the gulf of Thailand which crossed into the Bay of Bengal and became a deep depression on December 2nd. It developed into a cyclonic. The storm peaked with sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) causing heavy rainfall in north-eastern Tamil Nadu including Chennai and south-eastern Andhra Pradesh before making landfall near Bapatla in Andhra Pradesh on December 4th- 6 th due to this Heavy to very heavy rainfall was recorded 138.7 mm out of 0.9 mm Normal Rainfall and crops like Paddy, Cotton, Bengal gram, Blackgram, Greengram, Redgram, Groundnut crops were Damaged.

Illustrations explain the paper; charts are replotted from the paper's own table values.

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Crop Damage DistributionClose ×

AI-generated conceptual illustration (Paddy, cotton, and chickpea plants in a coastal field). It explains the idea and does not show study data.

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Replotted from source data

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Bengal gram: Kanchikacherla vs VeerulapaduClose ×

Replotted from a table (page 3) of the original paper. Every bar is the paper's own table value.

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Introduction

Cyclone In Meteorology, words a cyclone is a large mass that rotates around a strong centre of low atmospheric pressure counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere as viewed from above opposite to an anticyclone. Tropical cyclone Tropical cyclone, also called typhoon or hurricane an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds and heavy rain. Drawing energy from the sea surface and maintaining strength as long as it remains over warm water, a tropical cyclone generate winds that exceeds 119 km (74 miles) per hour. In extreme cases winds may surpass 320 km (200 miles) per hour. 2024; 7(4): 437-440 Raja Narasimha M SMS (Agro-Meteorology), Dr.

K. L. Rao Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Garikapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India Tejaswini V SMS (Agro-Meteorology), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Venkata Reddy I SMS (Agriculture Extension), Dr. K.

L. Rao Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Garikapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India Siva Prasad PN SMS (Crop Production), Dr. K. L.

Rao Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Garikapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India Krishnam Raju S Programme Coordinator, Dr. K. L. Rao Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Garikapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India Raja Narasimha M SMS (Agro-Meteorology), Dr.

K. L. Rao Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Garikapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India Cyclonic storm https://www.agronomyjournals.com yield due to soil moisture stress especially when the kharif crops are at critical stages of grains development. continuous, cyclonic rains from October to December lead to problem in harvesting the crops, especially Paddy, Cotton, Chilli and Legume crops etc. in N.T.R District. Effect of Untimely Rainfall on different crops  Crops Inundated and water stagnation in standing crop  Crops lodging due to heavy rains with heavy wind  Shattering of Grains and seeds of the crops which is ready to harvest.  Harvested produce is Inunduated in water and possible to germinate Management of Untimely rains  Farmers shall be advised to follow the weather forecasting by IMD for proper management of their crops through crop- weather advisiories.  Following of District Agro-meterological advisiories (DAMU) from respected KVKs of their Districts.  Contingency crop plans shall be made available to the needy farmers.

History of Michaung cyclone Severe cyclonic storm Michaung was a moderate tropical cyclone which formed in the Bay of Bengal during the year 2023 December 1st in North Indian ocean of cyclone season. Michaung originated as a low pressure area in the gulf of Thailand which crossed into the Bay of Bengal and became a deep depression on December 2nd.It developed into a cyclonic storm thereafter and was named Michaung. It was the ninth depression and the sixth named cyclonic storm of the season. The cyclone gradually moved north-west over the next few days towards the eastern coast of India.

The storm peaked with sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) causing heavy rainfall in north-eastern Tamil Nadu including Chennai and south-eastern Andhra Pradesh before making landfall near Bapatla in Andhra Pradesh on December 5th Michaung cyclone formed: 1st December 2023 Michaung cyclone Dissipated: 6th December 2023 Untimely Rains due to cyclones Onset and withdrawal of monsoon largely determine the success of dryland agriculture. Late onset of monsoon delays sowing of crops leading to poor yields. Early withdrawl of rains effect the Block wise Rainfall Distribution due to Michaung cyclone effect from 4th – 6th Dec 2023. S.No Blocks Name Actual (mm) Normal (mm) Deviation% Status 1 Vatsavai 131.6 1.1 11863.6 Excess 2 Jaggaiahpeta 106.6 1.8 5822.2 Excess 3 Penuganchiprolu 152.2 1.4 10771.4 Excess 4 Nandigama 137.1 1.9 7115.8 Excess 5 Veerullapadu 138.8 1.2 11466.7 Excess 6 Mylavaram 81.2 0.6 13433.3 Excess 7 Gampalagudem 140.4 0.3 46700.0 Excess 8 Tiruvuru 137.0 0.7 19471.4 Excess 9 Atlapragada konduru 138.0 0.7 19614.3 Excess 10 Reddigudem 175.6 1.1 15863.6 Excess 11 Vissannapeta 145.2 0.4 36200.0 Excess 12 Gaddamanugu konduru 147.3 0.7 20942.9 Excess 13 Kanchikacherla 129.0 1.9 6689.5 Excess 14 Chandarlapadu 126.2 1.7 7323.5 Excess 15 Ibrahimpatnam 103.7 1.3 7876.9 Excess 16 Vijayawada Central 165.4 0.4 41250.0 Excess 17 Vijayawada (Rural) 169.4 0.4 42250.0 Excess 18 Vijayawada East 153.0 0.4 38150.0 Excess 19 Vijayawada North 130.4 0.4 32500.0 Excess 20 Vijayawada West 165.0 0.4 41150.0 Excess District Average 138.7 0.9 14650.5 Excess Block wise Rainfall Distribution due to Michaung cyclone effect from 4th – 6th Dec 2023. https://www.agronomyjournals.com

Summary

Due to Michaung cyclone effect 138.7 mm rainfall has been received as against the 0.9 mm with the deviation of 1369.0% status of rainfall is Excess highest rainfall has been received in Reddigudem block 175.6 mm as against the normal of 1.1 mm and lowest rainfall has been received in Mylavaram that is 81.2 mm as against the normal of 0.6 mm from 4th – 6th Dec 2023 this much amount of high rainfall receiving in different blocks is not useful for farming community for standing crops where the kharif crops are ready to harvest that fields were severely damaged and some crops were lodged and grains and seeds were shattered. This much amount of high rainfall with short duration time has been not recorded for last 10 years for this blocks of N.T.R District. Crop Damage Report -Due to Untimely rains caused by Michaung Cyclone in NTR district from 04.12.2023 to 6-12-2023 Crop wise area Lodging/Inundated /Submerged area in Acres (Standing crops) S.No Name of the Green Mandal Total Paddy Cotton Bengal No of villages effected gram gram Red gram Maize G.nut Jowar Black gram 1 Vijayawada Rural 16 1450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1450 2 Vijayawada Urban 1 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 3 Chandarlapadu 8 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 4 Veerulapadu 19 353 0 80 26 151 0 0 0 16 626 5 Kanchikacherla 15 550 0 265 0 0 45 0 210 60 1130 6 Nandigama 20 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 7 Vatsavai 20 210 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 260 8 Jaggaiahpeta 23 537 0 0 0 0 85 0 0 0 622 9 Penuganchiprolu 16 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 10 A.Konduru 10 700 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 730 11 Tiruvuru 19 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 12 Gampalagudem 15 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 13 Vissannapeta 12 850 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 5 895 14 Reddygudem 12 1500 0 0 0 0 35 10 0 8 1553 15 Mylavaram 17 1800 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 1890 16 G.Konduru 16 2009 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2614 17 Ibrahimpatnam 10 985 75 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 1075 249 14049 675 345 26 151 390 10 210 94 15950 Area in acres 34716 1668 853 64 373 964 25 519 232 39413 Percentage (%) Crop wise area Lodging/Inundated/Submerged area in Acres (Standing crops) Due to Michaung cyclone effect majorly paddy crop was inunduated and lodging were happened in 34,716 acres out of this majorly in G. Konduru block has severly damaged 2,009 Acres and minorly effected in Vijayawada urban block 40 Acres. out of Paddy cotton is damaged in 1,668 acres of district out of this majority area 600 acres is damaged in G.

Konduru block out of paddy and cotton Bengalgram/Chickpea is damaged in 853 acres in entire district out of this majority area is damaged in Kanchikacherla block 265 acres and minorly 80 acres is damaged in Veerulapadu block and Greengram is damaged in 64 acres and Redgram is damaged in 373 acres.

Conclusion

It was revealed in this research study concluded that formation of different cyclones in untimely and occurring of heavy to very rainfall with high speed wind is more disadvantage and more economic crop loss and damage to above mentioned different blocks of N.T.R District farming community using of District Agro Meterological unit Weather forecast and crop advisorys farmers may benefit to do for some field operations in this regard farming community may benefit 25-30% Yield loss.

Acknowledgements

The authors are highly acknowledged to India Meterological Department (IMD) New Delhi and Ministry of Earth sciences (MOEs) for providing full financial support to the project namely District Agro-Meterological Unit ( DAMU) The authors are sincerely thankful to Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute ( ATARI) zone X and Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) for providing necessary support for conducting this research analysis study. https://www.agronomyjournals.com

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