Nutritional and pharmacological aspects of Trapa natans: An underutilized boon crop of West Bengal

Abstract

In the present era, individuals prioritize their health and seek value-added products as integral components of both their everyday meals and indulgent dining choices. Trapa natans L., a petite free-floating plant predominantly found in shallow water or swampy regions, is indigenous to Europe, Asia, and Africa. Commonly referred to as water chestnut or singhara in India and 'panifal' in West Bengal, this plant's seeds are enclosed in thick, dark brown hard kernels known for their delicious taste and rich composition of high protein, carbohydrates, starch, flavonoids, and essential minerals.These kernels serve various purposes, functioning as appetizers, tonics, analgesics, anti-diarrheals, anti-inflammatories, anti-bacterials, and anti-diabetics. With its excellent starch content, Trapa natans L. emerges as a noteworthy substitute for starches like potato, corn, and wheat. The plant holds considerable importance in the manufacturing of diverse products such as biscuits, infant milk formula, and alcohol. Furthermore, it serves as a source of gluten-free flour, offering a suitable replacement for wheat flour for individuals with celiac disease caused by gluten intolerance. The multifaceted attributes of Trapa natans L. underscore its significance in both dietary preferences and industrial applications.