Monitoring of IWMP watershed project using geospatial technique-Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh

Introduction

The Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development Government of India in 2009. It aimed to improve natural resource management, increase agricultural productivity, enhance rural livelihoods, and reduce poverty in India's rainfed and degraded areas. The program recognized the critical importance of watersheds in the overall development of rural regions. The IWMP was a significant step toward integrated watershed management in India and was part of a broader effort to address rural development challenges in the country's rainfed regions. The program aimed to strengthen local communities' ability to manage their natural resources sustainably while improving their socioeconomic conditions. Migration from villages to urban areas is a common occurrence in India nowadays due to the lack of means of subsistence in rural India. Thus they create so many problems in urban areas. Agriculture is a dominant means of livelihood in backward areas, and agricultural production depends on the monsoon. If we want develop agriculture and increase natural resource like ground water then we have to create a plan for develop an area. Watershed management program is one of the most popular practice for decrease dependency on monsoon for agriculture and also very helpful for natural resource management. So government take initiative and started IWMP program.

Objectives

This study find out the impact of this IWMP program result in the ground with the help of space technology. How much area conserve and which type of land decrease or increase.

Study Area

The watershed of our study area is fall under the Sagar district Shahgarh block Madhya Pradesh. The micro watershed Divided into 7 parts namely 2C2C1u2, 2C2C1u3, 2C2C1u4, 2C2C4a4, 2C1E6u3, 2C1E6u1, 2C1E6u2. The total area of these 7 micro watershed is 8981.14 ha. (Based on GIS tool) location Map of the study area is shown in Figure -1.

Concluding Results

Based on the findings from the change matrices, draw conclusions regarding the changes that have occurred in the watershed area over the five years.

LULC Change Assessment

LULC Change Assessment refers to the process of evaluating and analyzing changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) patterns over a specific period of time. This assessment typically involves comparing LULC data from different time periods to identify trends, shifts, and alterations in land use types and land cover classes within a given area, such as a watershed. The aim is to understand the drivers of change, assess the impact on the environment and communities, and inform future land management and planning decisions. LULC Change Assessment, or Land Use and Land Cover Change Assessment, is a process of analyzing and understanding changes that occur in the distribution and characteristics of land use and land cover over time within a specific geographic area. This assessment typically involves comparing data from different time periods, often utilizing satellite imagery and geographic information systems (GIS), to identify and quantify changes in various land use and land cover categories such as agriculture, forests, urban areas, water bodies, and barren land. The goals of LULC change assessment include:

1. Understanding drivers of change: This initial phase involves examining the various factors and processes influencing alterations in land use and land cover. This includes studying phenomena such as urbanization, agricultural expansion, deforestation, and natural disasters.

In the study area the main driver of change is increasing water bodies. The water bodies increase from 137.78 ha. To 192.68 in five years. There are 57 stop dam and check dam 10 farm pound found in the watershed area made which is increasing water bodies in the study area.

Identifying trends:

Once the drivers of change are understood, the next step is to observe and analyze trends in land use and land cover categories. This involves determining whether these categories are experiencing growth, decline, or stability over time. The LULC divided into 8 categories. They are agriculture, built-up, canal, forest, mining/industrial, reservoir/tank, river/stream, and scrubland. The trend of this study is decreasing scrubland rapidly and agricultural land increasing. Reservoir, canal, built-up and mining are also expand. River/stream and forest are stable. There are no change in both forest and river over the years.

Assessing impacts:

Following the identification of trends, it's crucial to evaluate the consequences of these changes. This assessment encompasses examining the environmental, social, and economic implications associated with alterations in land use and land cover. It involves understanding effects on biodiversity, water resources, climate, and human communities. Due to increase water bodies found progress in agriculture, vegetation, ground water.

Informing decision-making:

Based on the insights gathered from understanding drivers, identifying trends, and assessing impacts, the final objective is to provide actionable information. This information aims to support informed decision-making processes related to land

Change Matrix Analysis

Change Matrix Analysis is a method used to quantify and understand the changes that have occurred between two or more time periods in a specific geographic area, often in the context of land use and land cover (LULC) change assessment. This analysis involves comparing thematic maps or datasets representing different time periods and constructing a matrix to summarize the transitions between land cover categories.

Here's how the process typically works 1. Creation of Transition Matrix:

The first step is to create a transition matrix, also known as a change matrix or conversion matrix. This matrix usually consists of rows and columns representing land cover classes or categories for two consecutive time periods. Each cell in the matrix indicates the number or percentage of pixels or areas that transitioned from one land cover class to another.

Quantifying Changes:

Once the transition matrix is established, quantitative measures such as the total area of change, net change, gain, loss, persistence, and transition probabilities can be calculated. These measures provide insights into the magnitude and direction of changes in different land cover classes over time.

Interpretation and Analysis:

The change matrix and associated metrics are then analyzed to identify patterns, trends, and drivers of land cover change. This analysis helps in understanding factors such as urbanization, agricultural expansion, deforestation, and reforestation influencing landscape dynamics.

References

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