Comprehensive review of prebiotics and probiotics in aquaculture: Mechanisms and applications

Abstract

Prebiotics and probiotics play crucial roles in aquaculture by promoting the growth and health of beneficial gut microbiota in aquatic species. Prebiotics, such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides, are non-digestible compounds that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. On the other hand, probiotics, including various bacterial and yeast strains, directly contribute to intestinal microbial balance and host health. They act through mechanisms such as competitive exclusion, inhibitory compound production, immune response enhancement, and digestive enzyme production. While these interventions show Promise in improving aquaculture productivity and sustainability, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimize their application.