Impact assessment of CROPSAP scheme on cotton growers: A probit analysis

The CROPSAP scheme was started in year 2009-10 in the Maharashtra state with aim provide to farmer for advisory of pest surveillance of cotton crops. The State Agriculture Department Maharashtra is the CROPSAP “crop pest surveillance and advisory project” Cotton (Gossypium spp.) the ‘white gold’ and ‘king of fiber’. Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops cultivated in India. In year 2022-2023, an investigation in Parbhani district. The research identified that the Economic Impact of CROPSAP scheme beneficiary and non-beneficiary cotton growers in Parbhani district of Maharashtra state. Having analyzed the findings on the information collected for findings of the Economic impact of cotton growers The adoption of the CROPSAP scheme show the positive impact on beneficiary cotton grower. This finding are estimated by Probit Regression Model.

Introduction

The CROPSAP scheme was started in year 2009-10 in the Maharashtra state with aim provide to farmer for advisory of pest surveillance of cotton crops. The State Agriculture Department Maharashtra is the CROPSAP "crop pest surveillance and advisory project" implementation authority with the funding through RKVY of Central Government till 2012 followed by Government of Maharashtra from 2013 till date. Nearly 44000 villages across 348 talukas of 34 districts from 8 division of Maharashtra are being covered under this programme by Nand Sagar et al., (2022) [10] . We may have clear picture of the nature and working of CROPSAP by knowing. Project modality: Software was developed and implemented for data feeding, interpretation, report generation, GIS based pest mapping and advisory dissemination by Ahire and Kharde, (2013) [1] , mote and sonanse (2012) [9] . Cotton (Gossypium spp.) the 'white gold' and 'king of fiber', (Reddy et al, 2011) [23] . 'Queen of fibers' is multipurpose crop grown in various agro-climatic conditions (Munjunath et al., (2013) [18] . Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops cultivated in India and accounts for around 25% of the total global cotton production. It plays a major role in sustaining the livelihood of an estimated 6 million cotton farmers and 40-50 million. producing countries are namely China, India, U.S.A., Pakistan, Brazil, Uzbekistan, Australia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Syria, which totally account for 93.2 million bales of cotton production. India got 1st place in the world in cotton acreage with 120.69 lakh ha under cotton cultivation i.e. around 36 percent of the world area of 333 lakh ha around 67 percent of India's cotton is grown on irrigated area. In terms of productivity, India is on 38th rank with yield of 510 kg/ha. Gujrat is the largest producer of cotton in India. cotton is one of the most important fiber crops and cash crops in India. the top ten cotton producing state of India are as follows: Gujrat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Haryana, Rajasthan, Panjab, Odisha by Ministry of Textiles (COCPC, 2021). Maharashtra has the highest area and production of cotton in the country. It has 3.953 million hectares area under cotton crop with production of 1.21 million metric tons in the year 2021-2022. The productivity of cotton is 336 kg/ha seed cotton yield (national average 568 kg/ha). The major cotton growing districts are namely, Aurangabad, Jalana, Beed, Parbhani, Nanded, Hingoli, Latur, in Marathwada region (10 per cernt) while Akola, Amaravati, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Dhule, Jalgaon, Nagpur, Wardha, and Yavatamal, in Vidarbha region (25 percent) by Shrey and Kamble (2014) [13] . The Parbhani district 1.99 lakh ha production 3.98 lakh bale and productivity 339 kg lint /ha (Anonymous, 2020) [2] . In this said study to access the impact of CROPSAP scheme by cotton growers very few researches was available on this topic of research. www.extensionjournal.com

Methodology

In Parbhani district 5 tahsil was selected Parbhani, Jintur, Manavat, Pathari, Gangakhed. and each tahsil 4 village was selected and each village 4 adopter and 4 non-adopter cotton growers was selected in each village the same categories was used by Kaviraju et al., (2018) [21] total sample size of CROPSAP adopter was 80 and non-adopter was 80. Total number of cotton growers was 160 were selected for present study. The same methodology was used by the collection of data Jyothsna priyadarshabi et al., (2022) [8] , Nand Sagar et al., (2022) [10] , Shrey and Kamble (2014) [16] Venkatachalam et al., (2013) [25] . The impact of said collected to study scheme was studied by using probit regression model.

Probit Regression Model

The probit regression model is fitted to access the impact of CROPSAP scheme on beneficiary and non-beneficiary cotton growers. Probit model is a way to perform regression for binary outcome variable with two possibilities like adopters and non-adopters of cotton growers. this model was used by P. Sadashivappa (2012) [12] , Cappellari and Jenkins (2003) [4] , Fikiru et, al., (2017) [6] . The probit regression equation explained above takes the following form, Where, Y = Dependent variable X = Independent variable μi = Error term β = Coefficient of regression Yield (X7) 0.00022*** 2.23e-02 Note: *** significant at 1 percent, ** significant at 5 percent, * significant at 10 percent

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Impact of CROPSAP scheme on cotton growers

The findings of the present study is depicted in table 1. Estimate the Impact of CROPSAP scheme on cotton growers to analyzed by a probit regression model. where some factors viz. X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 are used to describe Sowing time, Spacing, Plant population, Plant protection Practices recommended by CROPSAP scheme, Insecticides and Pesticides and Yield this variable can be used to analyze the impact respectively. This factor are responsible for increasing the attitudes of farmers towards adoption of CROPSAP scheme. The adoption of the CROPSAP scheme show the positive impact on beneficiary cotton grower from the table 2 where X1 (Cotton area), X2 (Sowing time), X5 (Plant protection by CROPSAP sche me) and X7 (Yield) were highly significant effect of CROPSAP scheme on beneficiary cotton grower. X5 (plant protection practices by CROPSAP scheme) X2 (Sowing time) and X7 (Yield) significant at 10 percent and X1 (Cotton area) significant at 1 percent. similar findings have been reported by Tejpara et al., (2018) [24] . The result indicate that the sowing time, plant protection practices recommended by 'Crop pest surveillance and advisory project (CROPSAP)'scheme helps to increasing the level of yield and it helps to increase in area of cotton cultivation.

Sr.no.	Variables	Coefficient	Standard error
1	Cotton area (X1)	0.08590*	7.91e-01
2	Sowing time(X2)	0.00134***	1.78e-01
3	Spacing (X3)	0.13716	2.26e-01
4	Plant population(X4)	0.14466	3.86e-06
5	Plant protection (X5)	0.00642***	4.33e-02
6	Insecticides / Pesticides (X6)	0.32991	1.51e-01
7	Yield (X7)	0.00022***	2.23e-02

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Variables and Nature

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Conclusion

The said study was concluded that the CROPSAP scheme is responsible to get higher yield along with more monetary benefits to adopter rather than non-adopter. it is also noted that proper utilization of package practices under CROPSAP would be assured to enhance the attitude of cotton growers towards adoption of the prescribed scheme.

Policy Implication

The Government agencies, Research institutes NGOs, etc. has to take appropriate actions to emphasize awareness of CROPSAP scheme among villages to get more economic stability to farmers.

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