Research article · 2023 · Full text
International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal HusbandryA rare case report on management of penile hair ring in fighter ram
Volume 8(4S) · Pages 134–136 · DOI: 10.22271/veterinary.2023.v8.i4sc.655 ↗
Research areasGenital Health and Disease
Abstract
Author-writtenA fighting/ fighter ram aged one and half year old was presented to Veterinary College, Shivamogga with the history of dribbling of urine since five days and reduced feed intake. On clinical examination, dribbling of urine and hair ring encircling the anterior part of penis in front of glans penis was observed indicating a case of penile hair ring. Animal was restrained but complete exteriorization of penis could not be achieved due to mild adhesion and animal was not cooperative. Therefore, ram was taken to the female doe and the erected penis was grasped and penile hair ring was removed aseptically using scissor and preputial douching done with 1% potassium permanganate solution was done. Ram was treated with antibiotics Enrofloxacin long acting @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight, Meloxicam as anti-inflammatory @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight and chlophenaramine maleate (CPM) @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight. The recovery was uneventful. The present case report the successful management of penile hair ring condition in fighter ram.
Summary
Source-checkedPlain-language reading of the full paper, prepared with AI and checked against the text. Each point links to the authors' own words.
Why it matters
- Evaluating breeding soundness in domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cows, and buffaloes is critical for farm management to predict an animal's reproductive potential. View evidence ↗
- A penile hair ring is a rare condition characterized by a ring of hair accumulating around the penis, just before the glans penis. View evidence ↗
- If undetected, a hair ring can tighten the penis, potentially leading to pressure necrosis of the urethra, avascular necrosis of the penis, nerve damage, or sloughing of the glans penis. View evidence ↗
The question
- The objective of this report is to document the successful management of a penile hair ring in a fighter ram. View evidence ↗
What they did
- The subject was a 70 kg fighter ram, one and a half years old, presenting with reduced feed intake and urine dribbling for five days. View evidence ↗
- Because the animal was uncooperative and had mild adhesions, the ram was introduced to a female doe to induce erection, allowing the hair ring to be removed aseptically with scissors. View evidence ↗
- Following the removal of the hair ring, the prepuce was douched using a 1% potassium permanganate solution. View evidence ↗
- Medical treatment included long-acting Enrofloxacin (7.5 mg/kg), Meloxicam (2.5 mg/kg), and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) (0.5 mg/kg). View evidence ↗
What they found
- The removed hair ring measured approximately 1.4 cm in diameter and 4 cm in length. View evidence ↗
- Clinical examination revealed slight congestion and necrosis at the site where the hair ring had encircled the penis. View evidence ↗
- Following the procedure, the ram recovered without complications and resumed normal urination. View evidence ↗
What it means
- The authors suggest that the penile hair ring in this specific case may have been caused by the presence of long hair around the preputial area. View evidence ↗
- The authors conclude that the case demonstrates the successful management of a rare penile hair ring condition in a fighter ram. View evidence ↗
Visual summary
1 visualsIllustrations explain the paper; they do not show study data.
Mechanism of Penile Hair Ring
AI-generated conceptual illustration (ram penis). It explains the idea and does not show study data.
View source evidence ↗Figures & tables
From the original paper
Figure 1
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Figure 4Introduction
In domestic animals like Cow, Buffalo, Sheep and Goats Breeding soundness evaluation plays very vital role in the management of farms because it allows one to predict the reproductive potential of the particular animal. In male animals, examination of the genital tract includes a careful inspection of prepuce followed by penis, since disorders or abnormalities of these structures may hamper the coitus and they can become carriers of sexually transmitted diseases. Penile hair ring condition is a rare condition and in this condition there will be a circumferential accumulation of hair around the penis just proximal to the glans penis. Penile hair rings are common in young bulls and rams housed together due to the mounting behavior of young bulls where in there are chances of accumulation of body hair from the penmates on his penis [3] . Alternatively, there are chances of accumulation of hairs on penis from animals own sheath during masturbation. In either case, the accumulated hair may form an encircling hair ring near to the glans penis and this condition leads to penile hair ring [2] . The hair ring may sufficiently tighten the penis which may cause pressure necrosis of the urethra. Further, in severe cases avascular necrosis of penis may occure which leads to the damage to the dorsal penile nerves or there may be sloughing of the glans penis if the condition is undetected. Further, this condition may leads to urethral constriction as well as balanoposthitis and further adhesions. Penile hair ring condition may resolve spontaneously or may become strangulate and damage the penis [1,2,3] . This condition may simultaneously occur with preputial and penile injuries, tumors or other male reproductive disorders [4,5] . Some of the penile hair ring cases resolve spontaneously, however the treatment depends on the extent of injury on penis and prepuce [2] . In most of the cases of penile hair ring it is recommended to remove the hair ring and followed by topical application of an emollient antibacterial ointment. However, if there is a occurrence of urethral fistula with granulation the surgical repair may be necessary to avoid hemorrhage and contamination of semen during ejaculation [6] .
Case History and Clinical findings
A fighting ram aged one and half year old, weighing 70 kg was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College, Shivamogga with the history of dribbling of urine since five days and reduced feed intake. On clinical examination of ram temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate were in the normal range. Dribbling of urine was observed from the external urethral orifice. During natural erection of penis hair ring surrounding the anterior part of the penis was noticed indicating a case of penile hair ring condition. Animal was restrained but complete exteriorisation of penis and detailed examination of the penis and prepuce was not possible due to mild adhesion and pain near site of hair ring (Fig. 1) and also animal was not cooperative. Therefore, ram was taken to the female (doe) maintained at Livestock Farm Complex and the erected penis was grasped and hair ring encircling penis in front of the glans penis was removed aseptically using scissor (Fig. 2). Further, there was evidence of slight necrosis and congestion at the site of hair ring encircling the penis. The diameter of hair ring was around 1.4 cm and length of the hair ring was around 4 cm (Fig. 3). Later, preputial douching done with 1% potassium permanganate solution (Fig. 4) and ram was treated with antibiotics Enrofloxacin long acting @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight, Meloxicam as anti-inflammatory @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight and CPM @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight. The owner was advised to bring the animal if any abnormal discharge observed from preputial sheath or any signs of inflammation or swelling in prepucial area. Further, owner was advised to trim long hairs present in and around the preputial area. After removal of penile hair ring animal is passing urine normally and recovery was uneventful.
Conclusion
Penile hair ring in fighting or breeding rams is a rare condition. However, in this case the occurrence of penile hair ring might be due to presence of long hair around the preputial area. Some cases of penile hair ring may resolve spontaneously and in few cases it may lead to strangulation followed by damage to the penis [1,2] . As such no report has been recorded about occurrence of penile hair ring in rams. However, it is seen in young bulls which have been used for breeding purpose as young bulls have higher mounts per service ratios than older bulls i.e. in a young bull, it is likely that penis has to move over the rump of the female (seeking the vulva) more frequently than in older bulls before copulation occurs. In severe cases, a urethral fistula with granulation tissue formation near the penile hair ring requires surgical repair [6] . However, the present case was brought at early stage; therefore, we could able to remove the hair ring using scissor without complications. Hence, the present clinical case reports the rare occurrence of penile hair ring condition and its successful management in fighter ram.
References
3 in the original paper- Desrochers A, St-Jean G, Anderson DE. Surgical management of preputial injuries in bulls: 51 cases (1986-1994). Canadian Veterinarian Journal. 1995;36:553-556.
- Jean G. Male reproductive surgery. Clinical North American Food Animal Practice. 2004;11(1):55-93.
- Schuler G, Richterich P, Hoffmann B. Severe balanitis and penile prolapse in a Scottish Highland bull due to an ingrown hair ring. Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2008;36(6):385-388.