A statistical study on BMI of stress level among college students in Puducherry

Suboj Priya; Josyula K. Lakshmi; K Naresh Kumar

Research article · 2018 · Full text

International Journal of Statistics and Applied Mathematics

A statistical study on BMI of stress level among college students in Puducherry

Suboj PriyaJosyula K. LakshmiK Naresh Kumar

Volume 3(2) · Pages 264–267

Research areasSmart Systems and Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Diverse Scientific Research Studies

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Abstract

Author-written

This paper focused on “The Body mass index with stress level of college students in Pondicherry”. This paper undergone with primary data collection. The questionnaire was filled by the college students in puducherry in the academic year 2015. Two stage Stratified random sampling is used as the sampling technique. In the first stage of sampling, the population is divided into three strata. In the second stage of sampling, colleges has been stratified based on the type of institution (government or private). Some colleges are selected randomly among all colleges for collecting the samples based on the sampling technique, 250 samples were collected and statistical analysis was carried out.

Summary

Source-checked

Plain-language reading of the full paper, prepared with AI and checked against the text. Each point links to the authors' own words.

Why it matters
- The study examines the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and stress levels among college students in Puducherry (Pondicherry). View evidence ↗
  Why it matters
  The study examines the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and stress levels among college students in Puducherry (Pondicherry).
  In the paper's own words
  “The BMI level of college students with respect to their stress level among various type of college institutions in Pondicherry were collected as samples”
  Page 1
  Found in: Introduction
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 1 ↗
The question
- One of the primary objectives was to identify the specific factors that influence the BMI of college students. View evidence ↗
  The question
  One of the primary objectives was to identify the specific factors that influence the BMI of college students.
  In the paper's own words
  “To find the factors influencing the Body Mass Index of the college students.”
  Page 1
  Found in: Introduction
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 1 ↗
- The researchers aimed to determine if BMI levels differed significantly based on the type of educational institution the students attended. View evidence ↗
  The question
  The researchers aimed to determine if BMI levels differed significantly based on the type of educational institution the students attended.
  In the paper's own words
  “To test whether there is any difference in BMI among the type of institutions”
  Page 2
  Found in: Analysis Part 3.1 One-way ANOVA Aim
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 2 ↗
What they did
- The study used a two-stage stratified random sampling technique, first dividing the population into three strata and then stratifying colleges by whether they were government or private. View evidence ↗
  What they did
  The study used a two-stage stratified random sampling technique, first dividing the population into three strata and then stratifying colleges by whether they were government or private.
  In the paper's own words
  “Two stage Stratified random sampling is used as the sampling technique. In the first stage of sampling, the population is divided into three strata. In the second stage of sampling, colleges has been stratified based on the type of institution (government or private).”
  Page 1
  Found in: Introduction
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 1 ↗
- Data was collected via questionnaires from 250 college students in Puducherry during the 2015 academic year. View evidence ↗
  What they did
  Data was collected via questionnaires from 250 college students in Puducherry during the 2015 academic year.
  In the paper's own words
  “The questionnaire was filled by the college students in puducherry in the academic year 2015. ... 250 samples were collected”
  Page 1
  Found in: Introduction
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 1 ↗
- The statistical analysis employed one-way ANOVA, correlation, multiple linear regression, and factor analysis. View evidence ↗
  What they did
  The statistical analysis employed one-way ANOVA, correlation, multiple linear regression, and factor analysis.
  In the paper's own words
  “Keywords: One-way ANOVA, correlation, multiple linear regression and factor analysis”
  Page 1
  Found in: Introduction
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 1 ↗
What they found
- A significant difference in BMI was found among different types of institutions (p = 0.000). View evidence ↗
  What they found
  A significant difference in BMI was found among different types of institutions (p = 0.000).
  In the paper's own words
  “Since the p-value (0.000) is less than 0.05, we reject null hypothesis at 5% level of significance. So we conclude that there is difference in BMI among the type of institutions.”
  Page 2
  Found in: Analysis Part 3.1 One-way ANOVA Aim
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 2 ↗
- Underweight status was most common among Arts & Science students, with 55% of students from these colleges falling into this category. View evidence ↗
  What they found
  Underweight status was most common among Arts & Science students, with 55% of students from these colleges falling into this category.
  In the paper's own words
  “The BMI range, “Underweight” is observed more among Arts & Science college students and 55% students from Arts and Science colleges are underweight.”
  Page 4
  Found in: Conclusions
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 4 ↗
- The multiple regression model showed that 43.5% of the variation in BMI values can be explained by the chosen explanatory variables. View evidence ↗
  What they found
  The multiple regression model showed that 43.5% of the variation in BMI values can be explained by the chosen explanatory variables.
  In the paper's own words
  “From the above table, it is observed that R square is 0.435, which implies that 43.5% of the variation in the BMI values is explained by explanatory variables.”
  Page 2
  Found in: Analysis Part 3.1 One-way ANOVA Aim
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 2 ↗
- The highest reported stress factors were thinking about the future (mean = 2.57) and class workload (mean = 2.51). View evidence ↗
  What they found
  The highest reported stress factors were thinking about the future (mean = 2.57) and class workload (mean = 2.51).
  In the paper's own words
  “Workload (i.e.) “I feel stressed when I have increased class workload” and Thinking about future (i.e.) “I feel stressed when thinking about my future” have the highest ranking of 2.51 and 2.57 respectively.”
  Page 3
  Found in: Introduction
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 3 ↗
- The study found that mental stress is more prevalent among college students than physical stress. View evidence ↗
  What they found
  The study found that mental stress is more prevalent among college students than physical stress.
  In the paper's own words
  “Mental stress is more among college students than physical stress.”
  Page 4
  Found in: Conclusions
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 4 ↗
- The vast majority of students (84.4%) followed a non-vegetarian diet, while only 15.6% were vegetarian. View evidence ↗
  What they found
  The vast majority of students (84.4%) followed a non-vegetarian diet, while only 15.6% were vegetarian.
  In the paper's own words
  “15.6% of the college students in Pondicherry are following vegetarian diet whereas 84.4% are following non-vegetarian diets.”
  Page 4
  Found in: Conclusions
  Read it in the full text Open PDF at page 4 ↗

Visual summary

1 visuals

Illustrations explain the paper; charts are replotted from the paper's own table values.

Mean: Workload vs lower grade vs missed too classes vs financial problems vs thinking about future
Replotted from Table 7 (page 3) of the original paper. Every bar is the paper's own table value.
View source evidence ↗

Figures & tables

From the original paper

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FULL TEXT Original article · reflowed for reading

Introduction

The BMI level of college students with respect to their stress level among various type of college institutions in Pondicherry were collected as samples and some statistical analysis tools were applied to focus on the following objectives:  To find the type of Non-Vegetarian food mostly eaten by the college students.  To classify the students based on BMI range from different type of institutions (Arts & Science, Engineering, and Medical).  To find the average stress level among the college students based on the type of institution (Governmentor Private)  To test whether there is any difference in BMI level based on diet type.  To test whether there is any association between BMI range and the type of institutions (Arts & Science, Engineering and Medical)  To test whether there is any association between stress level and the type of institutions (Arts & Science, Engineering and Medical)  To check whether there is any association between BMI range and type of college1 (Government or Private).  To check whether there is any correlation between the weight & time spent for computer.  To find the factors influencing the Body Mass Index of the college students.

BMI Weight Categories

Depending on the height and weight, a person can belong to one of the following weight categories:

BMI

Weight Status Below 18.5 Underweight 18.5 -24.9 Normal 25 -29.9 Overweight 30.0 + Obese

The formula for BMI was developed by Belgium Statistician AdolpheQuetelet approximately 150 years ago. This was before the era of electronic calculators; any formula used to indicate weight status needed to be easy for physicians to manually calculate. Only the height and weight values of a person are needed in the equation.

Analysis Part 3.1 One-way ANOVA Aim

To test whether there is any difference in BMI among the type of institutions Hypothesis H0: There is no difference in BMI among the type of institutions H1: There is difference in BMI among the type of institutions From the above Multiple comparisons table, it is observed that all the p-values are less than 0.05, we reject H0 at 5% level of significance. Hence we conclude that the difference occurs between all types of institutions.

correlation Aim

To check whether there is any correlation between the weight & time spent for computer.

Hypothesis H0:

There is no correlation between the weight & time spent for computer. H1: There is correlation between the weight & time spent for computer. From the above correlation table, it is observed that p-value is less than 0.05, So we reject H0 at 5% level of significance. Hence we conclude that there is correlation between the weight & time spent for computer. Also it is observed that weight & time spent for computer are 35.6% positively correlated.

Multiple regression Aim

To find the factors influencing the Body Mass Index of the college students.

Regression

Factor Analysis Aim

To conduct factor Analysis on the data related to stress From the above Total variance explained table, it is clear that the variation is 46.986%.

Fig 1

The Scree plot depicts the presence of 3 Principal components with eigen values greater than one.

Conclusions

From the results of statistical analysis, 71% of the overweight students are observed from Engineering colleges and 56% of the students are obese from Engineering colleges. So there is a risk factor among engineering college students to expose to obesity. The BMI range, "Underweight" is observed more among Arts & Science college students and 55% students from Arts and Science colleges are underweight. Mental stress is more among college students than physical stress. Major causes of obesity is due to eating at fast food restaurants and eating outside foods. More time spends for Computer tends to gain weight of 35% and 15.6% of the college students in Pondicherry are following vegetarian diet whereas 84.4% are following non-vegetarian diets. Among the students who follows non-vegetarian diets, 33.2% use to eat all kind of non-vegetarian foods.

Reference

Figures and tables from the paper

References

0 in the original paper

—	Sum of Squares	Df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
Between Groups	596.157	2	298.078	19.011	.000
Within Groups	3872.712	247	15.679
Total	4468.869	249

Model	—	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	113.182	10	11.318	2.691	.015a
	Residual	147.209	35	4.206
	Total	260.391	45

Model	—	Unstandardized Coefficients	—	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
		B	Std. Error	Beta
1	(Constant)	24.482	2.142		11.427	.000
	tv	.039	.025	.238	1.542	.132
	computer	-.023	.024	-.135	-.963	.342
	Exercise	.024	.043	.082	.551	.585
	games	-.025	.045	-.095	-.562	.578
	study	.030	.029	.158	1.038	.306
	phystress	-.002	.494	-.001	-.004	.997
	mentalstress	-.328	.790	-.103	-.415	.681
	fastfood restaurant	1.635	.506	.501	3.232	.003
	carbonated drinks	-.502	.399	-.200	-1.258	.217
	outside food	.494	.211	.359	2.346	.025

—	Mean	Std. Deviation	Analysis N
Workload	2.51	1.089	247
lower grade	2.27	1.084	247
missed too classes	2.14	1.055	247
financial problems	2.45	1.050	247
thinking about future	2.57	1.180	247
Studies & academic	2.36	1.026	247
personal health	2.31	1.026	247
regular college schedule	2.13	1.028	247
unfamiliar situation	2.32	1.044	247
eating habits	1.86	.992	247
exam times	2.49	1.154	247
headache without reason	1.90	1.074	247
Tired	1.92	1.041	247
lose of apetite	1.66	.957	247
Dizzy	1.63	.919	247
Sweating	1.50	.845	247
Breathless	1.47	.785	247
Crying	1.85	1.011	247
impotent	2.15	1.080	247
awake during sleep	1.98	1.049	247

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.	—	.862
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity	Approx. Chi-Square	1524.414
	Df	190
	Sig.	.000

—	—	Computer	weight
Computer	Pearson Correlation	1	.356**
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.000
	N	250	250
Weight	Pearson Correlation	.356**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000
	N	250	250

Component	Initial Eigenvalues	—	—	Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings	—	—	Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings	—	—
	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %
1	6.085	30.425	30.425	6.085	30.425	30.425	3.726	18.628	18.628
2	2.114	10.570	40.995	2.114	10.570	40.995	2.838	14.189	32.817
3	1.198	5.991	46.986	1.198	5.991	46.986	2.834	14.169	46.986
4	.997	4.987	51.974
5	.955	4.774	56.748
6	.929	4.643	61.391
7	.809	4.045	65.436
8	.805	4.025	69.461
9	.744	3.722	73.183
10	.666	3.328	76.511
11	.611	3.053	79.564
12	.601	3.005	82.568
13	.582	2.910	85.478
14	.519	2.597	88.075
15	.489	2.443	90.518
16	.479	2.395	92.913
17	.446	2.228	95.142
18	.373	1.864	97.006
19	.336	1.680	98.686
20	.263	1.314	100.000

—	Component	—	—
	1	2	3
Workload		.640	.415
lower grade		.693
missed too classes		.690
financial problems		.302	.576
thinking about future		.393	.624
studies&academic			.712
personal health			.563
regular college schedule	.380		.608
unfamiliar situation		.655
eating habits	.306		.584
exam times		.563	.359
headache without reason	.540
Tired	.650
lose of appetite	.652
Dizzy	.712
Sweating	.575
Breathless	.667
Crying	.567
impotent	.407	.363
awake during sleep	.666

—	Initial	Extraction
Workload	1.000	.588
lower grade	1.000	.523
missed too classes	1.000	.516
financial problems	1.000	.437
thinking about future	1.000	.548
studies&academic	1.000	.557
personal health	1.000	.402
regular college schedule	1.000	.514
unfamiliar situation	1.000	.481
eating habits	1.000	.435
exam times	1.000	.457
headache without reason well	1.000	.382
Tired	1.000	.494
lose of appetite	1.000	.449
Dizzy	1.000	.532
Sweating	1.000	.354
Breathless	1.000	.516
Crying	1.000	.413
impotent	1.000	.322
awake during sleep	1.000	.476

Abstract

Summary

1Why it matters

2The question

3What they did

4What they found

Visual summary

Mean: Workload vs lower grade vs missed too classes vs financial problems vs thinking about future

Figures & tables

Introduction

BMI Weight Categories

BMI

Analysis Part 3.1 One-way ANOVA Aim

correlation Aim

Hypothesis H0:

Multiple regression Aim

Regression

Regression

Factor Analysis Aim

Fig 1

Conclusions

Reference

Reference

Figures and tables from the paper

References

Why it matters

The question

What they did

What they found