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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

The Lancet Neurology · 2019 · Vol. 18(5) · pp. 439–458

Catherine O. Johnson✉(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Minh Nguyen(University of Washington)Gregory A. Roth(Auckland University of Technology)Emma Nichols(University of Washington)Shazia Alam(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Degu Abate(University of Washington)Foad Abd-Allah(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ahmed Abdelalim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Haftom Niguse Abraha(Auckland University of Technology)Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh(Auckland University of Technology)Oladimeji Adebayo(University of Washington)Abiodun M. Adeoye(University of Washington)Gina Agarwal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sutapa Agrawal(Auckland University of Technology)Amani Nidhal Aichour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ibtihel Aichour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour(Auckland University of Technology)Fares Alahdab(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Raghib Ali(Auckland University of Technology)Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nahla Anber(Auckland University of Technology)Mina Anjomshoa(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jalal Arabloo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Antonio Araúz(University of Washington)Johan Ärnlöv(Auckland University of Technology)Amit Arora(Auckland University of Technology)Ashish Awasthi(University of Washington)Maciej Banach(Auckland University of Technology)Miguel A. Barboza(University of Washington)Suzanne Barker‐Collo(Auckland University of Technology)Till Bärnighausen(University of Washington)Sanjay Basu(University of Washington)Abate Bekele Belachew(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yaschilal Muche Belayneh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Derrick Bennett(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Isabela M. Benseñor(University of Washington)Krittika Bhattacharyya(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Belete Biadgo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ali Bijani(Auckland University of Technology)Boris Bikbov(Auckland University of Technology)Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed(Auckland University of Technology)Zahid A Butt(Auckland University of Technology)Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Juan Jesús Carrero(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Félix Carvalho(University of Washington)Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela(Auckland University of Technology)Franz Castro(Auckland University of Technology)Ferrán Catalá-López(University of Washington)Yazan Chaiah(Auckland University of Technology)Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jee-Young J Choi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hanne Christensen(Auckland University of Technology)Dinh‐Toi Chu(University of Washington)Monica Cortinovis(Auckland University of Technology)Albertino Damasceno(University of Washington)Lalit Dandona(Auckland University of Technology)Rakhi Dandona(Auckland University of Technology)Ahmad Daryani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kairat Davletov(Auckland University of Technology)Barbora de Courten(University of Washington)Vanessa De la Cruz‐Góngora(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Meaza Girma DegefaSamath Dhamminda Dharmaratne(University of Washington)Daniel Díaz(University of Washington)Manisha Dubey(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Eyasu Ejeta Duken(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Dumessa Edessa(University of Washington)Matthias Endres(Auckland University of Technology)Emerito Jose A Faraon(University of Washington)Farshad Farzadfar(Auckland University of Technology)Eduarda Fernandes(Auckland University of Technology)Florian Fischer(Auckland University of Technology)Luísa Sório Flor(University of Washington)Morsaleh Ganji(Auckland University of Technology)Abadi Kahsu Gebre(University of Washington)Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael(University of Washington)Birhanu Geta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kebede Embaye Gezae(Auckland University of Technology)Paramjit Gill(University of Washington)E. V. Gnedovskaya(University of Washington)Hector Gómez‐Dantés(University of Washington)Alessandra C. Goulart(University of Washington)Giuseppe Grosso(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yuming Guo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tarun Gupta(Auckland University of Technology)Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian(Auckland University of Technology)Arya Haj‐Mirzaian(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Samer Hamidi(University of Washington)Graeme J. Hankey(Auckland University of Technology)Hamid Yimam Hassen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Simon I Hay(University of Washington)Mohamed Hegazy(Auckland University of Technology)Behnam Heidari(University of Washington)Nabeel Herial(Auckland University of Technology)Mohammad Ali Hosseini(University of Washington)Sorin Hostiuc(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Seyed Sina Naghibi IrvaniSheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nader Jahanmehr(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi Javanbakht(University of Washington)Ravi Prakash Jha(University of Washington)Jost B. Jonas(University of Washington)Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak(Auckland University of Technology)Mikk Jürisson(University of Washington)Amaha Kahsay(Auckland University of Technology)Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader(Auckland University of Technology)Yogeshwar Kalkonde(Auckland University of Technology)Teshome Abegaz Kamil(Auckland University of Technology)Tanuj Kanchan(University of Washington)André Karch(Auckland University of Technology)Narges Karimi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hamidreza Karimi‐Sari(University of Washington)Amir Kasaeian(University of Washington)Tesfaye Kassa(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hossein Kazemeini(University of Washington)Adane Teshome Kefale(University of Washington)Yousef Khader(Auckland University of Technology)Fakher Rahim(Auckland University of Technology)Ejaz Ahmad Khan(Auckland University of Technology)Young‐Ho Khang(University of Washington)Jagdish Khubchandani(University of Washington)Daniel Kim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yun Jin Kim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Adnan Kısa(Auckland University of Technology)Mika Kivimäki(Auckland University of Technology)Ai Koyanagi(University of Washington)Rita Krishnamurthi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)G Anil Kumar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alessandra Lafranconi(University of Washington)Sarah Lewington(Auckland University of Technology)Shanshan Li(University of Washington)Warren Lo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alan D Lopez(Auckland University of Technology)Stefan Lorkowski(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Paulo A. Lotufo(University of Washington)Mark T. Mackay(Auckland University of Technology)Marek Majdán(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reza Majdzadeh(Auckland University of Technology)Azeem Majeed(University of Washington)Reza Malekzadeh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Navid Manafi(University of Washington)Mohammad Alì Mansournia(University of Washington)Man Mohan Mehndiratta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Varshil Mehta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Getnet Mengistu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Atte Meretoja(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tuomo J Meretoja(University of Washington)Bartosz Miazgowski(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tomasz Miazgowski(Auckland University of Technology)Ted R. Miller(Auckland University of Technology)Erkin М Мirrakhimov(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Bahram Mohajer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yousef Mohammad(University of Washington)Milad Khorasani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Shafiu Mohammed(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Farnam Mohebi(Auckland University of Technology)Ali H. Mokdad(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yaser Mokhayeri(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ghobad Moradi(University of Washington)Lídia Morawska(University of Washington)Ilais Moreno Velásquez(Auckland University of Technology)Seyyed Meysam Mousavi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Oumer Sada Muhammed(University of Washington)Walter Muruet(Auckland University of Technology)Mehdi Naderi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohsen Naghavi(University of Washington)Gurudatta Naik(Auckland University of Technology)Bruno Ramos Nascimento(Auckland University of Technology)Ruxandra Irina NegoiCuong Tat Nguyen(University of Washington)Long Hoang Nguyen(Auckland University of Technology)Yirga Legesse Nirayo(Auckland University of Technology)Bo Norrving(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jean Jacques Noubiap(University of Washington)Richard Ofori‐Asenso(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Felix Akpojene Ogbo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Andrew T Olagunju(University of Washington)Tinuke O Olagunju(University of Washington)Mayowa Owolabi(Auckland University of Technology)Jeyaraj Pandian(Auckland University of Technology)Shanti Patel(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Norberto Perico(Auckland University of Technology)М. А. Пирадов(Auckland University of Technology)Suzanne Polinder(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Maarten J. Postma(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hossein Poustchi(Auckland University of Technology)V. Prakash(University of Washington)Mostafa Qorbani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alireza Rafiei(University of Washington)Fakher Rahim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kazem Rahimi(University of Washington)Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar(Auckland University of Technology)Mahfuzar Rahman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Muhammad Aziz Rahman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Cesar Reis(Auckland University of Technology)Giuseppe Remuzzi(University of Washington)André M. N. Renzaho(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Stefano Ricci(Auckland University of Technology)Nicholas L S Roberts(Auckland University of Technology)Stephen R. Robinson(University of Washington)Leonardo Roever(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Gholamreza Roshandel(Auckland University of Technology)Parisa Sabbagh(Auckland University of Technology)Hosein Safari(University of Washington)Saeed Safari(Auckland University of Technology)Saeid Safiri(Auckland University of Technology)Amirhossein Sahebkar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Saleh Salehi Zahabi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Abdallah M Samy(University of Washington)Paola Santalucia(Auckland University of Technology)Itamar S Santos(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)João Vasco Santos(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Milena M Santric-Milicevic(University of Washington)Benn Sartorius(Auckland University of Technology)Arundhati R Sawant(Auckland University of Technology)Aletta E. Schutte(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sadaf G Sepanlou(Auckland University of Technology)Azadeh Shafieesabet(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Masood Ali Shaikh(University of Washington)Mehran Shams-Beyranvand(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aziz Sheikh(Auckland University of Technology)Kevin N. Sheth(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kenji Shibuya(Auckland University of Technology)Mika Shigematsu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Min‐Jeong Shin(University of Washington)Ivy Shiue(Auckland University of Technology)Soraya Siabani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Badr Hasan Sobaih(Auckland University of Technology)Luciano A. Sposato(Auckland University of Technology)Ipsita Sutradhar(Auckland University of Technology)PN Sylaja(Auckland University of Technology)Cassandra Szoeke(University of Washington)Braden Te AoMohamad‐Hani Temsah(Auckland University of Technology)Omar Temsah(Auckland University of Technology)Amanda G. Thrift(University of Washington)Marcello Tonelli(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Roman Topór-Mądry(University of Washington)Bach Xuan Tran(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Khanh Bao Tran(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Thomas Clement Truelsen(Auckland University of Technology)Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Irfan Ullah(University of Washington)Olalekan A. Uthman(Auckland University of Technology)Muthiah Vaduganathan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Pascual Valdéz(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tommi Vasankari(Auckland University of Technology)Vasanthan Rajagopalan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian(Auckland University of Technology)Kia Vosoughi(Auckland University of Technology)Giang Thu Vu(University of Washington)Yasir Waheed(University of Washington)Elisabete Weiderpass(University of Washington)Kidu Gidey(Auckland University of Technology)Ronny Westerman(Auckland University of Technology)Charles Wolfe(University of Washington)Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash(Auckland University of Technology)Gelin Xu(University of Washington)Ali Yadollahpour(University of Washington)Tomohide Yamada(Auckland University of Technology)Hiroshi Yatsuya(University of Washington)Ebrahim M Yimer(Auckland University of Technology)Naohiro Yonemoto(University of Washington)Mahmoud Yousefifard(University of Washington)Chuanhua Yu(University of Washington)Zoubida Zaidi(Auckland University of Technology)Mohammad Zamani(Auckland University of Technology)Afshin Zarghi(University of Washington)Yunquan Zhang(Auckland University of Technology)Sanjay Zodpey(University of Washington)Valery L. Feigin(University of Washington)Theo Vos(University of Washington)Christopher J L Murray

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Abstract

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Acute Ischemic Stroke Management Healthcare Systems and Practices Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery DiseasesBurden of diseaseStroke (engine)DiseaseMedicineDisease burdenEnvironmental healthInternal medicineEngineering

MeSH terms

Global Burden of DiseaseAdultAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overBrain IschemiaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsGlobal HealthIncidencePrevalence

Funding

Ohio State University
Harvard University
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Helsingin Yliopisto
Tulane University
Johns Hopkins University
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Ball State University
Thomas Jefferson University
Loma Linda University
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Università degli Studi di Milano
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS
Teikyo University School of Medicine
Ahmadu Bello University
Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành
Trường Đại học Duy Tân
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Wollega University
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca
Maragheh University of Medical Sciences
University of Warwick
Imperial College London
King's College London
University College London
University of Oxford
Newcastle University
La Trobe University
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Deakin University
Monash University
RMIT University
Queensland University of Technology
Curtin University of Technology
Ain Shams University
King Saud University
Seoul National University
Banaras Hindu University
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Lunds Universitet
Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Karolinska Institutet
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Seoul National University Hospital
Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Jimma University
Shiraz University
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
North-West University
Universidad de Costa Rica
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Universitetet i Oslo
Universidade de São Paulo
Uniwersytet Łódzki
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Universität Bielefeld
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Högskolan Dalarna
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
University of Dhaka
Universidade do Porto
University of Cape Town
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
University of the Philippines
Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie "Carol Davila" Bucureşti
Tartu Ülikool
University of Gondar
Addis Ababa University
Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Tarbiat Modares University
Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W Szczecinie
Xiamen University
University of Peradeniya
Mansoura University
Charotar University of Science and Technology
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences
Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Bispebjerg Hospital
Western Sydney University
Rede de Química e Tecnologia
Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Alfaisal University
Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Uniwersytet Opolski
Injury Prevention Research Center
Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội
Medical Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council
Sydney Medical School
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences