A clinicopathologic analysis of adriamycin cardiotoxicity

Abstract

The cardiotoxic effects of adriamycin were studied in 399 patients treated for far-advanced carcimma. Forty-five patients (11%) exhibited transient electrocardiographs changes. Eleven others developed severe congestive heart failure. Eight of these latter patients died within 3 weeks of the onset of the cardiac decompensation. The diffuse nature of this myocardiopathy was suggested by: 1. a conspicuous decrease in the QRS voltage on the electrocardiograms; 2. rapidly occurring cardiac dilatation and ventricular failure, and 3. refractoriness to inoiropic drugs and mechanical ventricular assistance. Postmortem examination of the hearts in two cases showed a striking decrease in the number of cardiac: muscle cells present, degeneration of the remaining myocardial cells, loss o contractile substance, mitochondrial swelling, and intramitochondrial dense inclusion bodies. Congestive heart failure occurred only once in the 366 patients who were treated with less than 550 mg/m2 of adriamycin (0.27%), but there were 10 cases of cardiac failure in the 33 patients who received more than 550 mg/m2 of this drug (30%). Therefore, until more direct means are established to prevent adriamycin-induced congestive heart failure, it is suggested that the total dose of adriamycin should be limited to less than 550 mg/m2 to permit safer use of this efficacious cancer chemotherapeutic agent.