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Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

Science · 2004 · Vol. 306(5696) · pp. 666–669

Kostya S. Novoselov(Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials)A. K. Geǐm✉(Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials)С. В. Морозов(University of Manchester)Da Jiang(Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials)Y. Zhang(University of Manchester)S. V. Dubonos(University of Manchester)I. V. Grigorieva(University of Manchester)А. А. Firsov(University of Manchester)

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Abstract

We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10(13) per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of approximately 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.

Graphene research and applications Carbon Nanotubes in Composites Fullerene Chemistry and ApplicationsElectric fieldGrapheneMaterials scienceFullereneField-effect transistorCarbon fibersNanotechnologyBallistic conductionMetalField (mathematics)

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